29 Mayıs 2020 Cuma

TÜTÜN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİNDE ÇALIŞANLARDA NİKOTİN MARUZİYETİ

Kübra KARAKAŞ, İbrahim BULDUK ve Fatıma ÖZDEMIR tarafından hazırlanmış olan "TÜTÜN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİNDE ÇALIŞANLARDA NİKOTİN MARUZİYETİ" konulu Araştırma Makalesidir.


ÖZ:

Bu çalışma kapsamında ülkemiz tarım sektörü tütün yetiştiriciliğinde çalışanlar tütün yapraklarının işlenmesi sürecinde nikotine maruz kalmaktadır. Tütün yapraklarının işlenmesi sürecinde tozlaşma meydana gelmekte ve bu tozlarda bulunan nikotine çalışanlar soluyarak maruz kalmaktadır. Bunun dışında çalışanların ciltlerine tutunan tozlar yağmur, çiy ve terde bulunan suyla birleşerek ciltten emilim yoluyla vücuda girmektedir. Nikotin solunması ve ciltten teması halinde toksik etki göstermekte öldürücü olabilmektedir. Vücutta belli bir doza ulaşınca zehirlenme belirtileri baş göstermekte ve Yeşil Tütün Hastalığı oluşmaktadır. Maruziyet risklerini bertaraf etmek için kişisel koruyucu donanım kullanılmalıdır. Çalışmada Yeşil Tütün Hastalığı gibi birçok rahatsızlığa neden olan nikotinden kaynaklanan riskleri yok etmek ya da kabul edilebilir seviyeye indirmek için alınabilecek korunma tedbirleri tespit edilecektir.

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27 Mayıs 2020 Çarşamba

Gender response and safe carrying load limit for sugar industry workers

An article on "Gender response and safe carrying load limit for sugar industry workers" by Rohit Sharma, Kushal Kamboj and Jyoti Bhardwaj.



ABSTRACT:

This study investigates the safe carrying load limit in relation to gender of workers in the sugar industry. A total of 632 workers (male and female) were interviewed following a physiological and psycho-physiological methodology. All of these workers were in the age groups of 21–30, 31–40 and ≥41 years. In this study, for the physiological methodology, both field and laboratory data were collected, which included heart rate, heart rate variability, energy expenditure and maximum rate of oxygen consumption. Information regarding hemoglobin content, weight, age, lean body weight, etc., was recorded to know the physical health of the workers. In the psycho-physiological evaluation, load-carrying limits were determined by the psychophysical rating of the load by workers from the selected age groups. By considering the physiological stresses and psycho-physiological evaluation, the safe carrying load limit was determined in head and back mode for male and female workers as per their age groups.
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The Relationships Between Biomechanical and Postural Stresses, Musculoskeletal Injury Rates, and Perceived Body Discomfort Experienced by Industrial Workers: A Field Study

An article on "The Relationships Between Biomechanical and Postural Stresses, Musculoskeletal Injury Rates, and Perceived Body Discomfort Experienced by Industrial Workers: A Field Study" by Philip Stuebbe, Ashraf Genaidy, Waldemar Karwowski, Young Guk Kwon and Ali Alhemood.



ABSTRACT:

A combination of archival, subjective, and observational field data collection methods were used to investigate the relationship between biomechanical and postural stresses, and the resulting physical strain experienced by industrial workers of a packaging plant. Assessment of physical strain was based on the number and incidence rate of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-reportable injuries that were recorded over a period of 27 months, and based on the self-reported ratings of perceived body discomfort. Both the biomechanical and postural stresses correlated with the musculoskeletal injury rate. The results illustrate the usefulness of postural and biomechanical analyses for assessing the risk of injury in industry.
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Operator dermal exposure and protection provided by personal protective equipment and working coveralls during mixing/loading, application and sprayer cleaning in vineyards

An article on "Operator dermal exposure and protection provided by personal protective equipment and working coveralls during mixing/loading, application and sprayer cleaning in vineyards" by Isabelle Thouvenin, Françoise Bouneb and Thierry Mercier.



ABSTRACT:

The efficiency of a working coverall combined with personal protective equipment to protect operators against dermal exposure to plant protection products under field conditions was studied. Operators wore a non-certified water-repellent finish polyester/cotton coverall plus a certified gown during the mixing/loading and the cleaning phases. Insecticide foliar application to a vineyard was selected as the exposure scenario. The overall dermal residue levels measured in this study were in the range of data recently collected in Europe. The water-repellent finish working coverall reduced body exposure by a factor of approximately 95%. Wearing a Category III Type 3 partial body gown during mixing/loading and cleaning of the application equipment led to a further protective effect of 98.7%. The combination of a water-repellent finish working coverall and partial body protection during specific tasks provided satisfactory levels of protection and can be considered as suitable protection for the conditions of use studied.
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Organizational Factors Affecting Safety Implementation in Food Companies in Thailand

An article on "Organizational Factors Affecting Safety Implementation in Food Companies in Thailand" by Thanwadee Chinda.



ABSTRACT:

Thai food industry employs a massive number of skilled and unskilled workers. This may result in an industry with high incidences and accident rates. To improve safety and reduce the accident figures, this paper investigates factors influencing safety implementation in small, medium, and large food companies in Thailand. Five factors, i.e., management commitment, stakeholders’ role, safety information and communication, supportive environment, and risk, are found important in helping to improve safety implementation. The statistical analyses also reveal that small, medium, and large food companies hold similar opinions on the risk factor, but bear different perceptions on the other 4 factors. It is also found that to improve safety implementation, the perceptions of safety goals, communication, feedback, safety resources, and supervision should be aligned in small, medium, and large companies.
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Constructing an active health and safety performance questionnaire in the food manufacturing industry

An article on "Constructing an active health and safety performance questionnaire in the food manufacturing industry" by Shyh-Yueh Cheng, Kuo-Ping Lin, Yuh-Wehn Liou, Ching-Hsiang Hsiao and Yu-Jung Liu.



ABSTRACT:

To design a comprehensive health and safety management performance system, extant literature on the health and safety performance indicators of and management systems for the application of occupational health and safety management systems was reviewed; additionally, the provisions of occupational health and safety laws were examined with a total of three main categories, including 28 active safety and health management performance categories. In the present study, health and safety management performance was evaluated by food manufacturing industry employees. An active performance evaluation questionnaire was developed by adopting the Delphi method to seek professional and expert opinion. With food manufacturing workers as participants, an in-depth discussion was conducted regarding the status of active health and safety performance indicators. Six active health and safety performance indicators were determined: emergency response; change management; procurement management; communication; prevention management; security behavior. These performance indicators have not been sufficiently implemented and require improvement.

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Exposure to flour dust in the occupational environment

An article on "Exposure to flour dust in the occupational environment" by Agata Stobnicka and Rafał L. Górny.



ABSTRACT:
Exposure to flour dust can be found in the food industry and animal feed production. It may result in various adverse health outcomes from conjunctivitis to baker's asthma. In this paper, flour dust exposure in the above-mentioned occupational environments is characterized and its health effects are discussed. A peer-reviewed literature search was carried out and all available published materials were included if they provided information on the above-mentioned elements. The hitherto conducted studies show that different components of flour dust like enzymes, proteins and baker's additives can cause both non-allergic and allergic reactions among exposed workers. Moreover, the problem of exposure to cereal allergens present in flour dust can also be a concern for bakers’ family members. Appreciating the importance of all these issues, the exposure assessment methods, hygienic standards and preventive measures are also addressed in this paper.
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Factors affecting the musculoskeletal disorders of workers in the frozen food manufacturing factories in Thailand

An article on "Factors affecting the musculoskeletal disorders of workers in the frozen food manufacturing factories in Thailand" by Anamai Thetkathuek, Parvena Meepradit and Wanlop Jaidee.



ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this research was to study factors affecting musculoskeletal disorders. The sample population of the study was 528 factory workers from the frozen food industry, as well as a controlled group of 255 office workers. The samples were collected during interviews using the Nordic questionnaire to assess musculoskeletal disorders, and to assess the risk by the rapid upper limb assessment and rapid entire body assessment techniques. The findings of the study were that most symptoms were found in the dissecting department, higher than in the controlled group. The details of the symptoms were, accordingly: elbow pain (adjusted odds ratio, 35.1; 95% CI [17.4, 70.9]). Regarding the risk of alcohol drinking, workers were exposed to more risks when alcohol was consumed. It is suggested that workers’ health should be monitored regularly. People who work in a cold environment should be encouraged to wear body protection and to avoid drinking.

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A model to predict and optimize machine guarding operator compliance activities in a bottling process plant: a developing country experience

An article on "A model to predict and optimize machine guarding operator compliance activities in a bottling process plant: a developing country experience" by Chukwunedum Uzor and Sunday Ayoola Oke.



ABSTRACT:

Introduction. The accurate tracking, elimination and control of hazards are fundamentals in accident avoidance at operational machine guarding stations. This article develops a machine guard usage compliance model. Nonetheless, very few studies account for operator compliance to the usage of machine guards in workplaces. Methods. This article contributes by first building up a multiple regression (MR) model, and, second, proposing a novel integrated MR and Taguchi method (MR-TM) model that optimizes operator compliance to guard usage. The comparative significance of the diverse factors was appraised and examined via analysis of variance. Results. Bottling process data from Nigeria illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.997) established the efficient predictive ability of the MR model. The significant variables are the number of functional guards and damaged guards, and the number of non-compliances (guards present and operational but not used) (p < 0.050). Simulated and field data variables exhibited good agreement (R2 = 0.997). From the MR-TM model, the most significant result is the highest operator compliance for machine guard usage with mean and signal-to-noise ratio values of 269.28 and 48.60, respectively. Conclusion. This work provides safety managers with snapshot information for planning and control purposes.
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Workplace Hazards and Prevention Options From a Nonrandom Sample of Retail Trade Businesses

An article on "Workplace Hazards and Prevention Options From a Nonrandom Sample of Retail Trade Businesses" by Vern Putz Anderson and Heekyoung Chun.



ABSTRACT:

 Employer commitment is a key factor in an effective safety program, yet limited research has focused on the safety priorities of retail store managers. To address this, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recruited 4 experienced ergonomists, who met and interviewed 9 retailers in different parts of the eastern USA. The reports from the 9 interviews were used to document the hazards facing retailers and the interventions they attempted. Those interviewed were managers/owners of establishments that ranged from a small bakery with 11 employees to a supermarket with 85 or more employees. The main hazards across all establishments included overexertion, contact-with-objects, and falls-to-the-same-level. We also compared the retailers’ perceptions of safety hazards with injuries from actual hazards as supplied by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This report provides insight into the retailers ‘ perceptions of safety hazards as well as their commitment to the prevention of workplace injuries.
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The Influence of Safety Climate, Safety Leadership, Workload, and Accident Experiences on Risk Perception: A Study of Korean Manufacturing Workers

An article on "The Influence of Safety Climate, Safety Leadership, Workload, and Accident Experiences on Risk Perception: A Study of Korean Manufacturing Workers" by Shezeen Oah, Rudia Na and Kwangsu Moon.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2018.01.008

ABSTRACT:

 Background
The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of workers' perceived workload, accident experiences, supervisors' safety leadership, and an organization's safety climate on the cognitive and emotional risk perception.

Methods

Six hundred and twenty employees in a variety of manufacturing organizations were asked to complete to a questionnaire. Among them, a total of 376 employees provided valid data for analysis. To test the hypothesis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS program, version 23.

Results

The results indicated that workload and accident experiences have a positive influence and safety leadership and safety climate have a negative influence on the cognitive and emotional risk perception. Workload, safety leadership, and the safety climate influence perceived risk more than accident experience, especially for the emotional risk perception.

Conclusion

These results indicated that multilevel factors (organization, group, and individual) play a critical role in predicting individual risk perceptions. Based on these results, therefore, to reduce risk perception related with unsafe behaviors and accidents, organizations need to conduct a variety of safety programs that enhance their safety climate beyond simple safety-related education and training. Simultaneously, it needs to seek ways to promote supervisors' safety leadership behaviors (e.g., site visits, feedback, safety communication, etc.). In addition, it is necessary to adjust work speed and amount and allocate task considering employees' skill and ability to reduce the workload for reducing risk perception.
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Lung Function of Grain Millers Exposed to Grain Dust and Diesel Exhaust in Two Food Markets in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

An article on "Lung Function of Grain Millers Exposed to Grain Dust and Diesel Exhaust in Two Food Markets in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria" by Kemi Iyogun, Suraju A. Lateef and Godson R.E.E. Ana.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2018.01.002

ABSTRACT:

 Background
Despite growing concern over occupational exposure to particulate matter (PM) such as grain dust and diesel exhaust, information about the exposure level and health implications among workers in small-scale milling enterprises in developing countries like Nigeria has not been adequately documented. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of exposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust and effect on lung function among grain millers in food markets in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria.

Methods

The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional design with a comparative approach. Sixteen grain milling shops each were randomly selected from two major food markets in Ibadan metropolis for indoor PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring. Seventy-two respondents each were proportionately selected from grain millers and shop owners for forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate tests.

Results

The PM2.5 concentrations for both market locations ranged between 1,269.3 and 651.7 μg/m3, while PM10 concentrations were between 1,048.2 and 818.1 μg/m3. The recorded concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization guideline limit of 50 μg/m3 and 25 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. As compared with control group (2.1 L), significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second value (1.61 L) was observed among the exposed group (p < 0.05). Likewise, significantly lower peak expiratory flow rate value (186.7 L/min) was recorded among the exposed group than the control group (269.51 L/min) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Exposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust accentuated respiratory disorders with declines in lung functions amongst grain millers. Improved milling practices and engaging cleaner milling facilities should be adopted to minimize exposure and related hazards.
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Health Promotion at Work: A Comparison of Policy and Practice Across Europe

An article on "Health Promotion at Work: A Comparison of Policy and Practice Across Europe" by Sanne E. Verra, Amel Benzerga, Boshen Jiao and Kai Ruggeri.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2018.07.003

ABSTRACT:

 Background
Promoting healthy lifestyles at work should complement workplace safety programs. This study systematically investigates current states of occupational health and safety (OHS) policy as well as practice in the European Union (EU).

Methods

OHS policies of EU member states were categorized as either prevention or health promotion provisions using a manifest content analysis. Policy rankings were then created for each prevention and promotion. Rankings compared eight indicators from the European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks-2 data on prevention and promotion practices for each member state using Chi-square and probit regression analyses.

Results

Overall, 73.1% of EU establishments take preventive measures against direct physical harm, and about 35.4% take measures to prevent psychosocial risks. Merely 29.5% have measures to promote health. Weak and inconsistent links between OHS policy and practice indicators were identified.

Conclusion

National OHS policies evidently concentrate on prevention while compliance with health and safety practices is relatively low. Psychosocial risks are often addressed in national policy but not implemented by institutions. Current risk assessment methods are outdated and often lack psychosocial indicators. Health promotion at work is rare in policy and practice, and its interpretation remains preventive. Member states need to adopt policies that actively improve health and well-being at the workplace.
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Occupational Safety and Health Among Young Workers in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

An article on "Occupational Safety and Health Among Young Workers in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Literature Review" by Therese N.Hanvold, Pete Kines, Mikko Nykänen, Sara Thomée, Kari A.Holte, Jukka Vuori, Morten Wærsted and Kaj B.Veiersted.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2018.12.003

ABSTRACT:

 This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.
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An Analysis of Individual and Social Factors Affecting Occupational Accidents

An article on "An Analysis of Individual and Social Factors Affecting Occupational Accidents" by Amir Barkhordari, Behnam Malmir and Mahdi Malakoutikhah.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.01.002

ABSTRACT:

Background

Workforce health is one of the primary and most challenging issues, particularly in industrialized countries. This article aims at modeling the major factors affecting accidents in the workplace, including general health, work–family conflict, effort–reward imbalance, and internal and external locus of control.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Esfahan Steel Company in Iran. A total of 450 participants were divided into two groups—control and case—and the questionnaires were distributed among them. Data were collected through a 7-part questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos software.

Results

All the studied variables had a significant relationship with the accident proneness. In the case group, general health with a coefficient of –0.37, work–family conflict with 0.10, effort–reward imbalance with 0.10, internal locus of control with –0.07, and external locus of control with 0.40 had a direct effect on occupational stress. Occupational stress also had a positive direct effect on accident proneness with a coefficient of 0.47. In addition, fitness indices of control group showed general health (–0.35), work–family conflict (0.36), effort–reward imbalance (0.13), internal locus of control (–0.15), and external locus of control (0.12) have a direct effect on occupational stress. Besides, occupational stress with a coefficient of 0.09 had a direct effect on accident proneness.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that although previous studies and the present study showed the effect of stress on accident and accident proneness, some hidden and external factors such as work–family conflict, effort–reward imbalance, and external locus of control that affect stress should also be considered. It helps industries face less occupational stress and, consequently, less occurrence rates of accidents.
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Leading for Safety: A Question of Leadership Focus

An article on "Leading for Safety: A Question of Leadership Focus" by Malin Mattson Molnar, UlricaVon Thiele Schwarz, Johnny Hellgren, Henna Hasson and Susanne Tafvelin.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2018.12.001

ABSTRACT:

 Background
There is considerable evidence that leadership influences workplace safety, but less is known about the relative importance of different leadership styles for safety. In addition, a leadership style characterized by an emphasis and a focus on promoting safety has rarely been investigated alongside other more general leadership styles.

Methods

Data were collected through a survey to which 269 employees in a paper mill company responded. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the relative roles of transformational, transactional (management-by-exception active; MBEA), and safety-specific leadership for different safety behavioral outcomes (compliance behavior and safety initiative behaviors) and for minor and major injuries.

Results

A safety-specific leadership contributed the most to the enhanced safety of the three different kinds of leadership. Transformational leadership did not contribute to any safety outcome over and above that of a safety-specific leadership, whereas a transactional leadership (MBEA) was associated with negative safety outcomes (fewer safety initiatives and increased minor injuries).

Conclusion

The most important thing for leaders aiming at improving workplace safety is to continuously emphasize safety, both in their communication and by acting as role models. This highlights the importance for leadership training programs aiming to improve safety to actually focus on safety-promoting communication and behaviors rather than general leadership. Furthermore, an overly monitoring and controlling leadership style can be detrimental to attempts at achieving improved workplace safety.
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The Interplay Between Supervisor Safety Support and Occupational Health and Safety Vulnerability on Work Injury

An article on "The Interplay Between Supervisor Safety Support and Occupational Health and Safety Vulnerability on Work Injury" by BasakYanar, Morgan Lay and Peter M. Smith.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2018.11.001

ABSTRACT:

 Background
Workers exposed to hazards without adequate protections are at greater risk of injury and illness. Supervisor activities have also been associated with injury risk. We examined the interplay between supervisor safety support and occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability on workplace injury and illness.

Methods

A survey was administered to 2,390 workers employed for more than 15 hrs/week in workplaces with at least five employees who had a direct supervisor. We examined the combined effects of hazard exposure with inadequate protection (OHS vulnerability) and supervisor support on workplace injury and illness, using additive interactions in log-binomial regression models.

Results

OHS vulnerability and lack of supervisor support independently increased the likelihood of physical injuries at work. Crude and adjusted models showed that the risk of physical injury was at least 3.5 times higher among those experiencing both OHS vulnerability and a lack of supervisor support than individuals without OHS vulnerability and with a supportive direct supervisor. Workers who experienced vulnerability were at less risk if they had a supervisor who was supportive.

Conclusion

In workplaces where workers experience one or more types of OHS vulnerability, having a supportive supervisor may play an important role in reducing the risk of injury and protecting workers.
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The Interaction of Cognitive Interference, Standing Surface, and Fatigue on Lower Extremity Muscle Activity

An article on "The Interaction of Cognitive Interference, Standing Surface, and Fatigue on Lower Extremity Muscle Activity" by Christopher M. Hill, Hunter De Busk, Jeffrey D. Simpson, Brandon L. Miller, Adam C. Knight, John C. Garner, Chip Wade and Harish Chander.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.06.002

ABSTRACT:

 Background
Performing cognitive tasks and muscular fatigue have been shown to increase muscle activity of the lower extremity during quiet standing. A common intervention to reduce muscular fatigue is to provide a softer shoe-surface interface. However, little is known regarding how muscle activity is affected by softer shoe-surface interfaces during static standing. The purpose of this study was to assess lower extremity muscular activity during erect standing on three different standing surfaces, before and after an acute workload and during cognitive tasks.

Methods

Surface electromyography was collected on ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, and knee flexors and extensors of fifteen male participants. Dependent electromyography variables of mean, peak, root mean square, and cocontraction index were calculated and analyzed with a 2 × 2 × 3 within-subject repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results

Pre-workload muscle activity did not differ between surfaces and cognitive task conditions. However, greater muscle activity during post-workload balance assessment was found, specifically during the cognitive task. Cognitive task errors did not differ between surface and workload.

Conclusions

The cognitive task after workload increased lower extremity muscular activity compared to quite standing, irrespective of the surface condition, suggesting an increased demand was placed on the postural control system as the result of both fatigue and cognitive task.
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Activity Level and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Physical Workload During Working Career

An article on "Activity Level and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Physical Workload During Working Career" by Satu K. Mänttäri, Juha A.H. Oksa, Jussi Virkkala and Julia A.K. Pietilä.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.09.002

ABSTRACT:

The increasing prevalence of inactivity and obesity, along with aging, has implications on work capacity of labor force. This study reports the relationships between activity level and BMI by age with objectively measured physical workload. Data were examined from a sample of 19 481 Finnish employees using an estimate of minute-to-minute oxygen consumption based on R-R interval recordings. The mean estimated %VO2max during the working day was 12.1 (±3.6) and 15.1 (±4.5)% for men and women, respectively. Based on a linear model, the mean %VO2max increased by 1.5%-unit per 10-year increase in age, by 2.1%-unit per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, and decreased by 1.6%-unit if improving physical activity class by two (p < 0.001 for all). Overweight and obesity, together with inactivity, notably increases workload throughout the career, even though at young adulthood, the daily workload is almost the same for each person regardless of the BMI, activity level, or gender. This study highlights the importance of regular physical activity and normal weight in protecting the worker from excessive physical (cardiovascular) workload during the whole working career.
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Relationship of Occupational Category With Risk of Physical and Mental Health Problems

An article on "Relationship of Occupational Category With Risk of Physical and Mental Health Problems" by Jaeouk Ahn, Nam-Soo Kim, Byung-Kook Lee, Jungsun Park and Yangho Kim.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.07.007

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

We evaluated the physical and mental health problems of waged workers in Korea who had different classes of occupation.

Methods

We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2017) to examine 22,788 workers who were waged employees and categorized these workers into 5 occupational classes.

Results

“Unskilled manual workers” were more likely to be older, less educated, have lower monthly income, and work fewer hours per week. Among men and relative to “managers and professionals” (reference group), “skilled manual workers” were more likely to have physician-diagnosed osteoarthritis, “clerks” were less likely to report suicidal ideation, and “unskilled manual workers” were more likely to report suicidal ideation. Among women and relative to “managers and professionals” (reference group), “service and sales workers” and “unskilled manual workers” were more likely to report physician-diagnosed osteoarthritis, depressive feelings, and suicidal ideation. However, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases did not differ among the occupational classes for men and women.

Conclusion

We identified differences between men and women and among those in different occupational classes regarding employment status, physical health, and mental health. “Unskilled manual workers” of both genders were more likely to be older, less educated, have less monthly income, work fewer hours per week, and have suicidal ideation. Female “service and sales workers” were more likely to have osteoarthritis, depressive feelings, and suicidal ideation
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